came to all of Israel and Israel went out to meet the Philistines in battle” (1 Sam. 4:1). The Philistines—or Peleset, as they were known in the Egyptian textual sources of the New Kingdom—were one of the nine groups of the Sea Peoples who were, at least in part, responsible for the fall of the Bronze Age Levant. After severely weakening Egypt, the Philistines saw their opening to move into the fertile region of Canaan. The archaeological record reflects that the Philistines primarily settled the
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